Editing By Design

Noun Substitutes

Referring to something using the name of something associated with it — metonymy
: the crown for the British Monarchy or Royal Family, the White House for the President, the pen for writing

Referring to something using the name of a part to represent the whole —synecdoche-microcosm
: threads for clothing, wheels for a car, sheets for a bed

Referring to something using the name of the whole to represent the part — synecdoche-macrocosm
: the movies for a movie theater, the police for individual police officers

Referring to something using a compound expression metaphorically — kenning
: ankle-biter, bean counter, bookworm, skyscraper

Referring to something using a more polite, milder, or less offensive term — euphemism

Using a verb as a noun — anthimeria, deverbal noun
: Enjoy the go. [Charmin ad]
: I could use a good sleep.

Verb Substitutes

Using a one verb to mean another
: hitting the books (start studying)

Using a noun as a verb — anthimeria, denominal verb
: She turtled across the road. (walked slowly)

Repeating the Same Nouns or Phrases

Repeating a phrase multiple times in succession — epizeuxis
: Never, never, never!

Repeating a word (or phrase) at the start of multiple sentences (or phrases) — anaphora
: It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair. The Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens

Repeating a word (or similar grouping of words) at the start (or beginning portion) of a sentence and again at the end (or later portion) of a sentence — epanalepsis
: The queen is dead; long live the queen.

Repeating the last word (or phrase) in a sentence (or clause) as the first word (or phrase) in the next sentence (or clause) — anadiplosis
: This was the beginning, the beginning of something wonderful.

Repeating a word (or phrase) at the end of multiple sentences (or phrases) — epistrophe, epiphora

Repeating a word (or phrase) at the start plus a word (or phrase) at the end of a sentence (or phrase) multiple times — symploce
: “Much of what I say might sound bitter, but it’s the truth. Much of what I say might sound like it’s stirring up trouble, but it’s the truth. Much of what I say might sound like it is hate, but it’s the truth.” Malcolm X

Repeating a word before and after a phrase — diacope

Repeating a word (or phrase or idea) multiple times anywhere in a sentence (or paragraph) to linger over the concept — epimone

Repeating a word at various places within the same sentence — conduplicatio

See https://examples.yourdictionary.com/repetition-examples-in-writing.html

Repeating Related Nouns or Phrases

Repeating a concept several times using different words — commoratio, synonymia, communio

Repeating a word (or phrase) but the second meaning is opposite (or different from) the first — antanaclasis (echo), antistasis, antanadasis

Repeating similar words and phrases, but it reverses the order of the words in the second line — chiasmus see https://examples.yourdictionary.com/chiasmus-examples.html distinction between word choice and sentence structure

Renaming a noun to provide additional information — appositives (noun phrase)

Repeating Phrase or Clause Structures

Parallel structure because each has the same word order: object, verb, subject

Parallel structure but an opposite idea — antithesis

Reversed structure — chiasmus

Repeating a sequence by placing one grammatical element inside another of the same kind of grammatical element — recursion
: This is the dog that worried the cat that killed the rat that ate the malt that lay in the house that Jack built. (children’s verse) 

Repeating a phrase or clause — repetition
: It rained and it rained and it rained. (Winnie the Pooh by A.A. Milne)

Repeating Sounds

Consonants. Repeating consonant sounds anywhere in a series of words — consonance

Consonants. Repeating consonant sounds at the beginning of several words — alliteration

Consonants. Repeating the same consonant sound at the beginning of the first word and the beginning of the last word in a phrase with the other words in the phrase sharing all sharing another consonant sound — symmetrical alliteration
: now we want nothing

Vowels. Repeating vowel sounds anywhere in a series of words — assonance

Adding Words

Two words connected with and when one could be used to modify the other — hendiadys
: full of sound and fury (Shakespeare) vs full of furious sound

Removing Words

Removing words that are able to be understood from contextual clues — ellipse

Removing conjunctions — asyndeton

Reordering Words

Listing Words

Words in a list from least to most for a climax — auxesis

Words in a list from most to least for an anticlimax — catacosmesis

Using a series of verbs together in a single phrase without conjunctions, common in dialects — serial verb construction
: Run go get me a towel.

Linking a series of verbs — catenative verbs (chain verbs)
: We decided to try to buy a truck with a trailer.

Pairing Words

Two words that contradict each other — oxymoron